Diversity and Seasonal Distribution of Insect Fauna in Agro-Ecosystems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/jsiane.450.2583-2093Keywords:
Insect diversity, agro-ecosystem, seasonal variation, biodiversity, sustainable agriculture, entomofaunaAbstract
Agro-ecosystems support a vast diversity of insect fauna that play crucial roles in ecosystem functioning, including pollination, nutrient cycling, biological pest control, and soil health maintenance. Understanding insect diversity and its seasonal distribution is essential for sustainable agricultural management and biodiversity conservation. The present study aimed to assess the diversity, abundance, and seasonal variation of insect fauna in selected agro-ecosystems over a one-year period. Systematic sampling was conducted during four distinct seasons summer, monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter using sweep nets, pitfall traps, light traps, and hand collection methods. Insects were identified up to family and genus level using standard taxonomic keys. Diversity indices such as Shannon–Wiener, Simpson’s dominance, and species richness were calculated. Results revealed significant seasonal variation in insect diversity, with maximum abundance and species richness recorded during the monsoon season, followed by post-monsoon, summer, and winter. Orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera dominated the agro-ecosystem. Beneficial insects such as pollinators and natural enemies showed strong seasonal dependence, highlighting the influence of climatic factors and crop phenology. The study emphasizes the importance of conserving insect biodiversity in agricultural landscapes through eco-friendly farming practices and reduced pesticide usage to ensure long-term sustainability and food security.
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