Interactive Effect of Heavy Metal and Pesticides on Soil Microbial Diversity and Fertility
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/jsiane.v5i4.23.2583-2093Keywords:
Heavy metals, pesticides, soil microbial diversity, enzyme activity, soil fertility, social impactAbstract
Soil microbial diversity and fertility are increasingly threatened by combined contamination from heavy metals and pesticides. These pollutants interact synergistically, leading to significant alterations in microbial community structure, reduced enzymatic activity, and impaired nutrient cycling. Such impacts directly affect soil fertility and long-term agricultural sustainability. This study is to evaluate the interactive effects of heavy metals and pesticides on soil microbial diversity and fertility, with a focus on understanding how these combined stressors influence ecosystem functioning. A combination of field sampling and laboratory experiments was employed. Soil samples were collected from agricultural field to long-term pesticide application and located near industrial discharge zones in Kanpur. Microbial diversity was assessed through culture-dependent methods, molecular profiling (16S rRNA sequencing), and enzymatic assays including dehydrogenase, urease, and phosphatase activity. Soil fertility was evaluated using standard parameters (pH, EC, available N, P, K, and micronutrients). It plays a crucial role in shaping agricultural practices and policy decisions. Farmers and local communities often underestimate the hidden risks of continuous agrochemical and industrial pollutant use, prioritizing short-term productivity over long-term soil health. It provides a comprehensive framework for safeguarding soil health and ensuring food security in contaminated ecosystems. Soil microbial diversity is central to ecosystem functioning and agricultural productivity. However, increasing contamination of soils by heavy metals and pesticides poses a dual threat to soil health. The present study aims to evaluate the interactive effects of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn) and commonly used pesticides on soil microbial diversity, enzyme activity, and fertility status. The objective was to assess how combined pollutants influence microbial community structure, soil nutrient dynamics, and overall soil quality.
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