Pollution Dynamics of Kali Nadi and Its Impact on Aquatic Ecosystem and Agricultural Productivity in Aligarh District, Uttar Pradesh: A Review

Abstract

River ecosystems play a crucial role in sustaining ecological balance, agricultural productivity, and human livelihoods. However, increasing industrialization and urbanization have led to severe degradation of freshwater resources. The Kali Nadi, an important tributary of the Ganga River flowing through western Uttar Pradesh, has experienced significant pollution due to untreated industrial effluents, domestic sewage, and agricultural runoff. The present review analyzes the environmental consequences of pollution in Kali Nadi with a special focus on its effects on aquatic ecosystems and agricultural productivity in the Aligarh region. Observations and water sampling from multiple districts indicate deterioration in water quality characterized by high concentrations of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and pathogenic microorganisms. These contaminants adversely affect fish diversity, soil fertility, groundwater quality, and crop yield in nearby agricultural fields. The study highlights the urgent need for strict environmental regulation, effective wastewater treatment systems, and sustainable agricultural practices to restore the ecological health of Kali Nadi and protect local communities dependent on this river.