Impact of Climate Change on Crop Productivity and Sustainable Agronomic Practices
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/jsiane.v5i1.26.2583-2093Keywords:
Climate change, crop productivity, sustainable agronomy, climate-smart agriculture, soil health, irrigation management, food security, adaptation strategiesAbstract
Climate change is increasingly recognized as a major driver of agricultural instability, affecting crop productivity and global food security. Rising temperatures, altered precipitation regimes, and frequent extreme weather events such as droughts and floods have disrupted agricultural systems worldwide. This study evaluates the impact of climate change on crop productivity and assesses the effectiveness of sustainable agronomic practices in mitigating these effects. The research employs a synthesis of secondary data from FAO, IPCC reports, and recent peer-reviewed studies (2020–2025), combined with comparative analysis of agronomic interventions. Results indicate that global crop yields are declining due to temperature increases, water stress, and soil degradation. For example, yield reductions of major crops such as maize (−7.1% per °C) and wheat (−3.7% per °C) have been reported, highlighting the vulnerability of staple crops to climate variability. Additionally, land degradation affects approximately 1.7 billion people, further exacerbating yield declines and food insecurity. However, sustainable agronomic practices including conservation agriculture, integrated nutrient management, crop diversification, and precision irrigation demonstrate significant potential to enhance resilience and productivity. The study concludes that while climate change poses severe risks to agricultural systems, the adoption of sustainable practices can mitigate its impacts effectively. It emphasizes the importance of policy interventions, technological innovation, and farmer awareness in promoting climate-resilient agriculture. Future research should focus on region-specific adaptation strategies, long-term field trials, and integration of artificial intelligence in agronomy. This paper contributes to the understanding of climate-agriculture interactions and provides actionable insights for sustainable food production.
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