A Critical Study of Nanostructured Gold and Silver Plasmonic Devices with Ultra-Sensitive Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biosensing Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/jsiane.v6i2.2.2583-2093Keywords:
Localised surface plasmon resonance, Gold nanostructures, Silver nanostructures Plasmonic biosensors, Refractive index sensitivity, Core-shell nanoparticles, Label-free detectionAbstract
The critical analysis of nanostructured plasmonic devices based on ultra-sensitive localised surface plasmon resonance on nanostructured gold and silver and their use in bio-sensing has been presented in this paper. The paper investigates the physical mechanism of LSPR and studies the impact of the choice of material, geometries of nanoparticles, surface chemistry, and designs of hybrid on sensing performance. Gold nanospheres, nanorods, nanotriangles, nanorings, nanostars, silver nanoparticles and Au-Ag core-shell systems are considered in particular, and compared in terms of sensitivity in refractive index, figure of merit, capability to detect, selectivity and stability of operations. As it can be seen in the review, anisotropic and sharp-featured nanostructures tend to offer superior local confinement of electromagnetic fields and increased sensing sensitivity compared to plain spherical particles. Devices based on gold have demonstrated obvious benefits in chemical stability, biocompatibility, and biomolecular functionalisation whereas silver-based systems typically have sharper plasmonic resonances and have a greater capacity to enhance fields which makes them very popular in ultra-sensitive detection. Nevertheless, the oxidation, unsteadiness of the environment, and issues of reproducibility continue to make the practical application of silver very scarce. Hybrid AuAg systems could be viewed as the potential solutions as they are a combination of the high response of silver to light and enrichment of the strength and surface chemistry of gold. It is found in the study that the future viability of LSPR biosensors does not lie in the ability to attain high sensitivity in ideal conditions, but in the ability to ensure reproducibility, fouling resistance, stability in complicated biological conditions, as well as in fabricatable device structures. In general, nanostructured gold and silver plasmonic platforms have a great promise in being used as the next-generation label-free biosensing systems in medical diagnostics and environmental and point-of-care detection.
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