Comparative Assessment of Organophosphate and Pyrethroid Pesticide Toxicity on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters of Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/jsiane.v1i1.15Keywords:
Organophosphate, Pyrethroid, Chlorpyrifos, Cypermethrin, Hematology, Biochemistry, Channa punctatus, Aquatic ToxicologyAbstract
The food chain! Fish are a crucial source of protein for humans and other animals. When chemicals expose individuals or groups of fish, they can negatively impact their growth and reproduction. In addition, when fish stay in polluted areas for long periods of time, toxins from these chemicals will accumulate in the fish’s tissues. From a scientific perspective, these pollutants reduce the amount of natural food available for fish, but they also directly harm the fish's habitat. Once pollutants affect fish, they can have difficulty surviving or reproducing. The effects of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems are complex, and more research is needed to understand how pesticides impact aquatic life. This paper will summarize literature regarding the impact of pesticides on freshwater fish, specifically Channa punctatus (Bloch.) and other aquatic animals as a result of their exposure to both organophosphate and pyrethroid classes of pesticides. The results of this study indicated that both organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides negatively impact the health of these fish. The negative effects from exposure to cypermethrin were greater than those from exposure to chlorpyrifos even when the concentrations of the two pesticides were equivalent. Overall, both types of pesticides were found to be harmful to the fish, though pyrethroids had greater toxicity than organophosphates. Thus, both hematological and biochemical parameters were determined to be reliable indicators of the effects of these pesticides on freshwater fish. The data presented in this paper indicate a clear need to manage and monitor for pesticide use in order to reduce potential damage to aquatic ecosystems from pesticide use.
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