Chapter 1: Heavy Metal Toxicity In Freshwater Fishes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/Abstract
Heavy metals contamination caused by anthropogenic and natural processes of freshwater ecosystems (e.g. Rivers, lakes) has become one of the most severe environmental issues as a result of their nonbiodegradable properties and extended stability within aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals that are acknowledged as persistent environmental pollutants (e.g. Cadmium (cd), lead (pb), mercury (hg), chromium (cr), copper (cu), zinc (zn)) have been scientifically accepted worldwide and have an indefinite length of time they remain within aquatic ecosystems. Heavy metals are inorganic and cannot degrade and do therefore end up in aquatic ecosystems as accumulation. As such, these metals in aquatic systems cause irreparable damage to the environment and pose serious risk both ecologically and through toxic exposure (Jaishankar et al. 2014).
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