Review on Heavy Metal and Their Impact on Hematology Parameters of Channa punctatus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/jsiane.387.2583-2093Keywords:
Aquatic ecosystems, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and mercury (Hg), heavy metalsAbstract
Aquatic ecosystems are facing increasing contamination from heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and mercury (Hg). These pollutants often enter our water bodies through industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and urban waste. As these toxic substances build up in aquatic life, especially fish, they can lead to significant physiological issues. One species that stands out for monitoring this kind of metal pollution is Channa punctatus, a freshwater fish commonly found in South Asia. This review delves into the hematological impacts of heavy metal exposure on C. punctatus, revealing changes in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit, and immune cell profiles. These alterations are indicators of oxidative stress, hindered blood cell production, and weakened immune responses. Using hematological parameters offers a quick and affordable way to gauge environmental toxicity. The review also highlights important gaps in research, notably the shortage of studies on chronic exposure and the need for molecular insights. Recognizing these effects is paramount for assessing ecological risks, preserving the environment, and safeguarding public health against fish-related metal toxicity.
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