A REVIEW OF DENGUE VIRUS GENOME, STRUCTURAL AND NON-STRUCTURAL PROTEINS, AND LIFE CYCLE

Abstract

The dengue virus-infected Aedes mosquito bites that cause dengue fever and propagate the potentially fatal disease. Dengue virus infection poses a risk to over 3.9 billion individuals worldwide. Its widespread incidence is currently a significant health issue. A pathogenic creature with a unique nucleotide sequence in its genome provides instructions for RNA or DNA synthesis, and protein expression, also for the organism‟s survival and evolution. New species or strains that are potentially more virulent than their parent strains can emerge as a result of mutations or changes in the nucleotide sequence. In this review, we have discussed the structural organization, genome, proteins, and life cycle of dengue virus. We describe in detail the structural and non-structural proteins and their functions. We describe the organization of viral RNA; it consists of one open reading frame (encodes a single polyprotein), 5‟ UTRs with 5‟ capping, and 3‟ UTR without poly „A‟ tail. We have described in detail the life cycle of the dengue virus. This will aid in a better understanding of dengue virus organization, and life cycle.