Histopathological Changes in Liver Tissue of Albino Rats Exposed to Mosquito Coil Smoke
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59436/jsiane.459.2583-2093Keywords:
Mosquito coil smoke; liver; histopathology; Wistar rats; oxidative injury; indoor air pollutionAbstract
Mosquito coils are widely used for household vector control in tropical and subtropical regions, yet their combustion releases complex mixtures of respirable particulate matter and volatile/semi-volatile compounds that may pose systemic toxicological risks. The present experimental study evaluated histopathological alterations in liver tissue of albino rats following controlled whole-body inhalation exposure to mosquito coil smoke (MCS). Adult male Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were randomized into four groups (n = 6/group): Control (filtered air), Low exposure (2 h/day), Moderate exposure (4 h/day), and High exposure (4 h/day for 8 weeks). Exposures were conducted 6 days/week in a ventilated chamber, using a commercially available coil (pyrethroid-based). At the end of exposure, animals were euthanized, and livers were harvested for gross examination and histopathology. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin hepatocellular degeneration, necrosis, sinusoidal congestion, inflammatory infiltration, and portal changes; morphometry was performed for central vein diameter and percent collagen area. MCS exposure produced duration- and intensity-dependent hepatic injury. Compared with controls, exposed groups demonstrated hepatocyte ballooning/degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation and congestion, Kupffer cell hyperplasia, periportal inflammation, and focal necrosis hazardous constituents and with experimental evidence of tissue injury in rodents exposed to coil smoke. The findings underscore that repeated indoor coil use may carry systemic health implications beyond the respiratory tract and support public-health recommendations for exposure reduction and safer alternatives.
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