ALTERATION IN KIDNEY BIOMARKERS AFTER TREATMENT OF SODIUM FLUORIDE AND AMELIORATION WITH TAMARINDUS INDICA AND VITAMIN D IN RATTUS NORVEGICUS

Abstract

Fluoride is one of the trace elements with very active chemical properties. Fluoride, the element with the greatest electronegativeness, is a significant industrial and ambient contaminant. Along with a number of other elements, it generates ionized fluorides. Food, drink water, toothpastes, fluoride additives, professionally administered fluoride gel and emissions from companies using hydrofluoric acid and fluoride-containing salt are all sources of fluoride. The dangerous illness known as fluorosis can be brought on by prolonged and high exposure to inorganic fluoride. Sodium fluoride is frequently used as an essential part of dental decay prevention. After 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days of exposure to sodium fluoride in the treated group as compared to the control group, Rattus norvegicus showed substantial increases in kidney biomarkers Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN). The current study shows that different kidney biomarkers are adversely affected by Sodium fluoride while Tamarindus indica and Vitamin D ameliorate the effect of sodium fluoride.